If you’ve renewed your driver’s license any time in the last few years, you have likely noticed an increase in its visual complexity. Many governing bodies have made significant strides towards making forgery more difficult. The unfortunate side-effect from that positive change is that traditional recognition algorithms are more difficult with the many colors, backgrounds, holograms, and layouts.

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Thankfully, new driver’s licenses also have PDF417 barcodes on them, and in North America, follow specifications laid out by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA). These barcodes are small, error resistant, and can encode a lot of information.

This tutorial will introduce you to the classes and methods for both reading and writing AAMVA-compliant barcodes from Driver’s Licenses.

Reading AAMVA Barcodes

Barcode Will Load Here Please check spelling and ensure your information is correct! If you do not understand a field, such as Driving Class or Restriction Code, you should leave it blank/default. PDF417 barcode tool. As far as crediting the other tool, he or she released it under a MIT License and I only used the barcode creator code, so we did not think we needed to credit him or her. If you think we should be doing this different I am open to how you would go about it. The point of a barcode generator isn't to hack the DMV.

Since Driver’s Licenses are so broadly accepted as forms of identification, there are a wealth of opportunities for reading the information from them. We covered those concepts in an earlier white paper on Capturing Customer Information from Driver’s Licenses, so we won’t repeat them here. That paper also discussed using the PDF417 barcodes before they were regulated by AAMVA. Since then, LEADTOOLS has added a new AAMVAID class which does all the field parsing for you.

What’s the big deal? Take a look at the raw data for an AAMVA barcode:

Where’s the name? Or the birthdate? Do you need to calculate if this person is over 21 and legally allowed to make a purchase? With LEADTOOLS, you can get that kind of information in beautiful, strongly typed properties:

Writing AAMVA Barcodes

There may be fewer reasons for generating AAMVA barcodes, but every motor vehicle agency in every state or province in the United States, Canada, and Mexico needs the ability to print them on the licenses they issue. Naturally, you can’t just print any old barcode onto licenses and IDs. As with most specifications, they are hard to follow and can cause a significant development roadblock due to the R&D requirements. LEADTOOLS simplifies this in two ways: generating the AAMVA string and creating the PDF417 barcode.

First, you need to convert your customer data into a valid AAMVA string value. To aid in this process, LEADTOOLS provides the AAMVAIDBuilder class. The builder will help organize the data and output it conforming to the 2016 AAMVA CDS. Here we initialize the AAMVAIDBuilder, add some information and then use the Build function to generate the AAMVAID object:

Now that our customer’s information is correctly encoded for AAMVA, we will create the PDF417 barcode. Thanks to LEAD’s nearly three decades of experience in with raster and document imaging technologies, this process is even simpler than writing the AAMVA string despite the barcode’s greater complexity. Here we generate the BarcodeEngine, set a few options to help the proportions make AAMVA happy, and LEADTOOLS takes care of the rest. In this simple case, we simply created a blank image using the calculated bounds of the barcode:

As a check, we’ll load the image back into the Main Barcode demo like before and read the data.

Change the World! (or at least your DMV...)

Reading is actually the easy part. Most of you on this blog are pretty keen and might've picked up on how the raw data in that string worked and thought, 'I could parse that!' As mentioned previously, the biggest catch out there is adoption. It's one thing to figure out how to parse some values from a long text string, but writing them out correctly and following the AAMVA spec is what's really holding states and countries back. LEADTOOLS makes it incredibly easy to make sure your data follows the specifications, AND can write the barcode. So get out there and code something that's so easy, even a sloth can do it!

Conclusion

LEADTOOLS has a history of staying on the forefront of document imaging and recognition technologies like OCR, Forms, Barcode, and PDF. Driver’s licenses and IDs have become far more complex, yet better regulated with the adoption of AAMVA barcodes. LEADTOOLS will stay a viable option for developers wanting to quickly and easily create software to read and write identification data stored in AAMVA barcodes.

Download the Full AAMVA Barcode Example

You can download the fully functional demo which includes the features discussed above. To run this example you will need the following:

• LEADTOOLS free evaluation
• Visual Studio 2010 or later
• Browse to the LEADTOOLS Examples folder (e.g. C:∖LEADTOOLS 20∖Examples∖) where you can find example projects for this and many more technologies in LEADTOOLS.

Need help getting this sample up and going? Contact our support team for free technical support! For pricing or licensing questions, you can contact our sales team (sales@leadtools.com) or call us at 704-332-5532.

Encoding Pdf417 Drivers License Format For Washington Free Barcode Generator - Create barcodes here NVE- 1. 8, also called SSCC (Serial Shipping Container Code) is used to label transport units in logistics. US Driver's License 2D Barcode Generator. Decode Your License. Real id pdf417 PDF417 is a stacked. It can encode huge amount large amount of data. PDF417 actually consists of set of linear codes stacked together to give a 2-d outlook. It is has been named PDF417 because it consists 4 bars along with white spaces, where each bar is 17 units long. PDF417 is also referred as Macro PDF, Macro PDF417 or the portable data file.

PDF417 is a stacked linear barcode format used in a variety of applications such as transport, identification cards, and inventory management. 'PDF' stands for Portable Data File. The '417' signifies that each pattern in the code consists of 4 bars and spaces in a pattern that is 17 units (modules) long. The PDF417 symbology was invented by Ynjiun P. Wang at Symbol Technologies in 1991. (Wang 1993) It is ISO standard 15438.

• 3Format

Applications[edit]

PDF417 is used in many applications by both commercial and government organizations. PDF417 is one of the formats (along with Data Matrix) that can be used to print postage accepted by the United States Postal Service. PDF417 is also used by the airline industry's Bar Coded Boarding Pass (BCBP) standard as the 2D bar code symbolism for paper boarding passes. PDF417 is the standard selected by the Department of Homeland Security as the machine readable zone technology for RealID compliant driver licenses and state issued identification cards. PDF417 barcodes are also included on visas and border crossing cards issued by the State of Israel (example).

Features[edit]

In addition to features typical of two dimensional bar codes, PDF417's capabilities include:

• Linking. PDF417 symbols can link to other symbols which are scanned in sequence allowing even more data to be stored.
• User-specified dimensions. The user can decide how wide the narrowest vertical bar (X dimension) is, and how tall the rows are (Y dimension).
• Public domain format. Anyone can implement systems using this format without any license.^[1]

The introduction of the ISO/IEC document states:^[1]

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Manufacturers of bar code equipment and users of bar code technology require publicly available standard symbology specifications to which they can refer when developing equipment and application standards. It is the intent and understanding of ISO/IEC that the symbology presented in this International Standard is entirely in the public domain and free of all user restrictions, licences and fees.

Format[edit]

The PDF417 bar code (also called a symbol) consists of 3 to 90 rows, each of which is like a small linear bar code. Each row has:

• a quiet zone. This is a mandated minimum amount of white space before the bar code begins.
• a start pattern which identifies the format as PDF417.
• a 'row left' codeword containing information about the row (such as the row number and error correction level)
• 1-30 data codewords: Codewords are a group of bars and spaces representing one or more numbers, letters, or other symbols.
• a 'row right' codeword with more information about the row.
• a stop pattern.
• another quiet zone.

All rows are the same width; each row has the same number of codewords.

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Codewords[edit]

PDF417 uses a base 929 encoding. Each codeword represents a number from 0 to 928.

The codewords are represented by patterns of dark (bar) and light (space) regions. Each of these patterns contains four bars and four spaces (where the 4 in the name comes from). The total width is 17 times the width of the narrowest allowed vertical bar (the X dimension); this is where the 17 in the name comes from. Each pattern starts with a bar and ends with a space.

The row height must be at least 3 times the minimum width: Y ≥ 3 X.^[2]

There are three distinct bar–space patterns used to represent each codeword. These patterns are organized into three groups known as clusters. The clusters are labeled 0, 3, and 6. No bar–space pattern is used in more than one cluster. The rows of the symbol cycle through the three clusters, so row 1 uses patterns from cluster 0, row 2 uses cluster 3, row 3 uses cluster 6, and row 4 again uses cluster 0.

Which cluster can be determined by an equation:^[3]

${\displaystyle K=b_1-b_2+b_3-b_4+9(\mathrm{mod}9)}$

Where K is the cluster number and the b_i refer to the width of the i-th black bar in the symbol character (in X units).

Alternatively,^[4]

${\displaystyle K=E_1-E_2+E_5-E_6+9(\mathrm{mod}9)}$

Where E_i is the i-th edge-to-next-same-edge distance. Odd indices are the leading edge of a bar to the leading edge of the next bar; even indices are for the trailing edges.

One purpose of the three clusters is to determine which row (mod 3) the codeword is in. The clusters allow portions of the symbol to be read using a single scan line that may be skewed from the horizontal.^[5] For instance, the scan might start on row 6 at the start of the row but end on row 10. At the beginning of the scan, the scanner sees the constant start pattern, and then it sees symbols in cluster 6. When the skewed scan straddles rows 6 and 7, then the scanner sees noise. When the scan is on row 7, the scanner sees symbols in cluster 0. Consequently, the scanner knows the direction of the skew. By the time the scanner reaches the right, it is on row 10, so it sees cluster 0 patterns. The scanner will also see a constant stop pattern.

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Encoding[edit]

Of the 929 available code words, 900 are used for data, and 29 for special functions, such as shifting between major modes. The three major modes encode different types of data in different ways, and can be mixed as necessary within a single bar code:

• Byte: each group of 5 code words represents 6 bytes. (Because 900⁵ > 256⁶.) Additional bytes are encoded one per code word.
• Numeric: n digits are encoded in ⌊n/3⌋+1 code words, up to a maximum of 44 digits in 15 code words.
• Text: Each code word represents two base-30 digits, which are used by a system of four submodes to represent the printable ASCII characters (plus CR, LF and HT):
  • Uppercase: A–Z, SP, Change to lowercase, Change to mixed, Interpret next digit as punctuation
  • Lowercase: a–z, SP, Interpret next digit as uppercase, Change to mixed, Interpret next digit as punctuation
  • Mixed: 0–9, &, CR, HT, comma, :, #, -, period, $, /, +, %, *, =, ^, Change to punctuation, SP, Change to lowercase, Change to uppercase, Interpret next digit as punctuation
  • Punctuation: ;, <, >, @, [, , ], _, `, ~, !, CR, HT, comma, :, LF, -, period, $, /, ', , *, (, ), ?, {, }, ', Change to uppercase

Error correction[edit]

When the PDF417 symbol is created, from 2 to 512 error detection and correction codewords are added. PDF417 uses Reed–Solomon error correction. When the symbol is scanned, the maximum number of corrections that can be made is equal to the number of codewords added, but the standard recommends that two codewords be held back to ensure reliability of the corrected information.

Comparison with other symbologies[edit]

PDF417 is a stacked barcode that can be read with a simple linear scan being swept over the symbol.^[6] Those linear scans need the left and right columns with the start and stop code words. Additionally, the scan needs to know what row it is scanning, so each row of the symbol must also encode its row number. Furthermore, the reader's line scan won't scan just a row; it will typically start scanning one row, but then cross over to a neighbor and possibly continuing on to cross successive rows. In order to minimize the effect of these crossings, the PDF417 modules are tall and narrow — the height is typically three times the width. Also, each code word must indicate which row it belongs to so crossovers, when they occur, can be detected. The code words are also designed to be delta-decodable, so some code words are redundant. Each PDF data code word represents about 10 bits of information (log₂(900) ≈ 9.8), but the printed code word (character) is 17 modules wide. Including a height of 3 modules, a PDF417 code word takes 51 square modules to represent 10 bits. That area does not count other overhead such as the start, stop, row, format, and ECC information.

Other 2D codes, such as DataMatrix and QR, are decoded with image sensors instead of uncoordinated linear scans. Those codes still need recognition and alignment patterns, but they do not need to be as prominent. An 8 bit code word will take 8 square modules (ignoring recognition, alignment, format, and ECC information).

In practice, a PDF417 symbol takes about four times the area of a DataMatrix or QR Code.^[7]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abhttp://www.iso.org/iso/fr/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=43816
2. ^ISO/IEC 2006, p. 28, 5.8.2.
3. ^ISO/IEC 2006, p. 9, 5.3.1.
4. ^ISO/IEC 2006, pp. 76–78
5. ^ISO/IEC 2006, 5.11.1.
6. ^For example, the Symbol Technologies LS-4000 series.
7. ^Using Barcodes in Documents – Best Practices(PDF), Tampa, FL: Accusoft, 2007, archived from the original(PDF) on May 24, 2012, retrieved May 9, 2012

• ISO/IEC (2006), Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture techniques – PDF417 bar code symbology specification(PDF) (second ed.), ISO/IEC 15438:2006(E)
• US 5243655, Wang, Ynjiun P., 'System for Encoding and Decoding Data in Machine Readable Graphic Form', issued September 7, 1993. PDF417 patent.

External links[edit]

• Free font, Windows encoder and detailed explanation

Image Encoding Formats

LXXXX-FFFMY-YMMDD, where

• L is the first letter of your last name

• XXXX is a numeric encoding of the last name (same methodology as Quebec and New Jersey)

• FFF is a numeric encoding of the first name (same methodology New Jersey)

• M is a numeric encoding of the middle name (already solved, see below)

• YY is the last 2 digits of year of birth

• MM is the month of birth, ranges 01-12 for males, 51-62 for females (add 50 to the month for females)

• DD is the day of birth

For anyone in Ontario with the same first, last or middle name as you, their license number will be encoded the same way. I can guarantee that one part (first, last or middle) is encoded independently and there is no relationship between the name encodings and the gender, date of birth or other parts of your name.

For people wondering about a database (a pre-assigned list of names and numbers), I believe there is no database. It is way t0o complicated to assign a number to every possible name combination, and the same system is used in Ontario and New Jersey. I doubt these jurisdictions would just share information like that.

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I have found samples and can guarantee that the encoding in ON is the same as NJ.

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